java、php中RSA产生公钥和私钥、校验 、加密 、解密的几种方法
今天主要给大家讲一下在java和php中如何利用开发语言直接生成RSA公钥与私钥,并进行加密解密和校验
JAVA
主要通过KeyPairGenerator进行生成公钥私钥及加密解密校验
1、第一种
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by lake on 17-4-12.
*/
public class RSACoder {
public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";
private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";
private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";
public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) {
return Base64.decodeBase64(key);
}
public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] bytes) {
return Base64.encodeBase64String(bytes);
}
/**
* 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
*
* @param data 加密数据
* @param privateKey 私钥
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
// 解密由base64编码的私钥
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);
// 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 取私钥匙对象
PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
signature.initSign(priKey);
signature.update(data);
return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
}
/**
* 校验数字签名
*
* @param data 加密数据
* @param publicKey 公钥
* @param sign 数字签名
* @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
throws Exception {
// 解密由base64编码的公钥
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);
// 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 取公钥匙对象
PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
signature.initVerify(pubKey);
signature.update(data);
// 验证签名是否正常
return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
}
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception{
// 对密钥解密
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 对数据解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 解密<br>
* 用私钥解密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(String data, String key)
throws Exception {
return decryptByPrivateKey(decryptBASE64(data),key);
}
/**
* 解密<br>
* 用公钥解密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)
throws Exception {
// 对密钥解密
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得公钥
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 对数据解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 加密<br>
* 用公钥加密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(String data, String key)
throws Exception {
// 对公钥解密
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得公钥
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
}
/**
* 加密<br>
* 用私钥加密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)
throws Exception {
// 对密钥解密
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 对数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 取得私钥
*
* @param keyMap
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Key> keyMap)
throws Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* 取得公钥
*
* @param keyMap
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Key> keyMap)
throws Exception {
Key key = keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* 初始化密钥
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static Map<String, Key> initKey() throws Exception {
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator
.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
keyPairGen.initialize(1024);
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
Map<String, Key> keyMap = new HashMap(2);
keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, keyPair.getPublic());// 公钥
keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, keyPair.getPrivate());// 私钥
return keyMap;
}
}使用示例import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.security.Key;
import java.util.Map;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
/**
* Created by lake on 17-4-12.
*/
public class RSACoderTest {
private String publicKey;
private String privateKey;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
Map<String, Key> keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();
publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);
privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
System.err.println("公钥: \n\r" + publicKey);
System.err.println("私钥： \n\r" + privateKey);
}
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");
String inputStr = "dounine";
byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPublicKey(inputStr, publicKey);
byte[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData,
privateKey);
String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
}
@Test
public void testSign() throws Exception {
System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");
String inputStr = "dounine";
byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();
byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);
byte[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);
String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");
// 产生签名
String sign = RSACoder.sign(encodedData, privateKey);
System.err.println("签名:" + sign);
// 验证签名
boolean status = RSACoder.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);
System.err.println("状态:" + status);
assertTrue(status);
}
}
第二种package com.zzzmh.api.utils; import java.util.Base64; import javax.crypto.Cipher; import java.security.KeyFactory; import java.security.KeyPair; import java.security.KeyPairGenerator; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey; import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey; import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec; import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * Java RSA 加密工具类 * 参考： https://blog.csdn.net/qy20115549/article/details/83105736 */ public class RSAUtils { /** * 密钥长度 于原文长度对应 以及越长速度越慢 */ private final static int KEY_SIZE = 1024; /** * 用于封装随机产生的公钥与私钥 */ private static Map<Integer, String> keyMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>(); /** * 随机生成密钥对 */ public static void genKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException { // KeyPairGenerator类用于生成公钥和私钥对，基于RSA算法生成对象 KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA"); // 初始化密钥对生成器 keyPairGen.initialize(KEY_SIZE, new SecureRandom()); // 生成一个密钥对，保存在keyPair中 KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair(); // 得到私钥 RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); // 得到公钥 RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic(); String publicKeyString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(publicKey.getEncoded()); // 得到私钥字符串 String privateKeyString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(privateKey.getEncoded()); // 将公钥和私钥保存到Map //0表示公钥 keyMap.put(0, publicKeyString); //1表示私钥 keyMap.put(1, privateKeyString); } /** * RSA公钥加密 * * @param str 加密字符串 * @param publicKey 公钥 * @return 密文 * @throws Exception 加密过程中的异常信息 */ public static String encrypt(String str, String publicKey) throws Exception { //base64编码的公钥 byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKey); RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded)); //RSA加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey); String outStr = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8"))); return outStr; } /** * RSA私钥解密 * * @param str 加密字符串 * @param privateKey 私钥 * @return 明文 * @throws Exception 解密过程中的异常信息 */ public static String decrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception { //64位解码加密后的字符串 byte[] inputByte = Base64.getDecoder().decode(str); //base64编码的私钥 byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(privateKey); RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded)); //RSA解密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA"); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey); String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte)); return outStr; } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { long temp = System.currentTimeMillis(); //生成公钥和私钥 genKeyPair(); //加密字符串 System.out.println("公钥:" + keyMap.get(0)); System.out.println("私钥:" + keyMap.get(1)); System.out.println("生成密钥消耗时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - temp) / 1000.0 + "秒"); String message = "RSA测试ABCD~!@#$"; System.out.println("原文:" + message); temp = System.currentTimeMillis(); String messageEn = encrypt(message, keyMap.get(0)); System.out.println("密文:" + messageEn); System.out.println("加密消耗时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - temp) / 1000.0 + "秒"); temp = System.currentTimeMillis(); String messageDe = decrypt(messageEn, keyMap.get(1)); System.out.println("解密:" + messageDe); System.out.println("解密消耗时间:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - temp) / 1000.0 + "秒"); } }PHP
主要通过openssl提供的相关方法进行创建和加密解密及校验
$config = array(
"private_key_bits" => 1024, //字节数 512 1024 2048 4096 等
"private_key_type" => OPENSSL_KEYTYPE_RSA, //加密类型
"config" => "D:/phpStudy/PHPTutorial/Apache/conf/openssl.cnf"
);
$privkeypass = '123456789'; //私钥密码
$numberofdays = 365; //有效时长
$cerpath = "./test.cer"; //生成证书路径
$pfxpath = "./test.pfx"; //密钥文件路径
$dn = array(
"countryName" => "UK", //所在国家
"stateOrProvinceName" => "Somerset", //所在省份
"localityName" => "Glastonbury", //所在城市
"organizationName" => "The Brain Room Limited", //注册人姓名
"organizationalUnitName" => "PHP Documentation Team", //组织名称
"commonName" => "Wez Furlong", //公共名称
"emailAddress" => "wez@example.com" //邮箱
);
// 生成公钥私钥资源
$res = openssl_pkey_new($config);
// 导出私钥 $priKey
openssl_pkey_export($res, $priKey,null,$config);
// 导出公钥 $pubKey
$pubKey = openssl_pkey_get_details($res);
$pubKey = $pubKey["key"];
//print_r($priKey); 私钥
//print_r($pubKey); 公钥
//直接测试私钥 公钥
echo '-------------------公私钥加解密-START---------------------','<br>';
$data = '测试公私钥加解密成功!';
// 公钥加密
openssl_public_encrypt($data, $encrypted, $pubKey);
// 私钥解密
openssl_private_decrypt($encrypted, $decrypted, $priKey);
echo '公钥加密：',base64_encode($encrypted),'私钥解密：','<br>',$decrypted,'<br>';
echo '-------------------公私钥加解密-END---------------------','<br>';
//生成文件
$csr = openssl_csr_new($dn, $priKey,$config); //基于$dn生成新的 CSR （证书签名请求）
$sscert = openssl_csr_sign($csr, null, $priKey, 365,$config);//根据配置自己对证书进行签名
openssl_x509_export($sscert, $csrkey); //将公钥证书存储到一个变量 $csrkey，由 PEM 编码格式命名。
openssl_pkcs12_export($sscert, $privatekey, $priKey, $privkeypass); //将私钥存储到名为的出 PKCS12 文件格式的字符串。 导出密钥$privatekey
//生成证书文件
$fp = fopen($cerpath, "w");
fwrite($fp, $csrkey);
fclose($fp);
//生成密钥文件
$fp = fopen($pfxpath, "w");
fwrite($fp, $privatekey);
fclose($fp);
echo '<br>','<br>','<br>','<br>';
echo '----------------------自签名验证-START----------------------','<br>';
// 测试私钥 秘钥
$privkeypass = '123456789'; //私钥密码
$pfxpath = "./test.pfx"; //密钥文件路径
$priv_key = file_get_contents($pfxpath); //获取密钥文件内容
$data = "测试数据！"; //加密数据测试test
//私钥加密
openssl_pkcs12_read($priv_key, $certs, $privkeypass); //读取公钥、私钥
$prikeyid = $certs['pkey']; //私钥
openssl_sign($data, $signMsg, $prikeyid,OPENSSL_ALGO_SHA1); //注册生成加密信息
$signMsg = base64_encode($signMsg); //base64转码加密信息
//公钥解密
$unsignMsg=base64_decode($signMsg);//base64解码加密信息
openssl_pkcs12_read($priv_key, $certs, $privkeypass); //读取公钥、私钥
$pubkeyid = $certs['cert']; //公钥
$res = openssl_verify($data, $unsignMsg, $pubkeyid); //验证
echo $res?'证书测试成功！':'证书测试失败！';echo '<br>'; //输出验证结果，1：验证成功，0：验证失败
echo '-----------------------签名验证-END------------------------','<br>';
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